:root{
--red:#c0392b;
--red-light:#e74c3c;
--dark:#1a1a1a;
--mid:#444;
--muted:#777;
--light:#f4f1ec;
--border:#ddd;
--white:#fff;
--accent-bg:#fdf8f3;
--link:#1a5276;
--thumb-bg:#EFF2F5;
}
@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';src:url('https://www.rediff.com/worldrediff/fonts_1/Roboto-Regular.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://www.rediff.com/worldrediff/fonts_1/Roboto-Regular.woff') format('woff');font-weight:normal;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';src:url('https://www.rediff.com/worldrediff/fonts_1/Roboto-Bold.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://www.rediff.com/worldrediff/fonts_1/Roboto-Bold.woff') format('woff');font-weight:bold;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}@font-face{font-family:'Roboto';src:url('https://www.rediff.com/worldrediff/fonts_1/Roboto-Italic.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://www.rediff.com/worldrediff/fonts_1/Roboto-Italic.woff') format('woff');font-weight:normal;font-style:italic;font-display:swap}
/* common */
html{font-family:'Roboto','Arial','sans-serif';font-weight:300;font-size:15px}
body{font-family:'Roboto','Arial','sans-serif'; font-weight:300;font-size:15px;padding:0;margin:0}
*, *::before, *::after{box-sizing:border-box}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p{margin:0;padding:0;font-weight:normal;font-size:15px}a{text-decoration:none;color:#202020}img{max-width:100%;vertical-align:middle}.bold{font-weight:bold}.relative{position:relative}.absolute{position:absolute}.static{position:static}.maxwrap{max-width:1280px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;padding:0}.flex{display:flex}.inlineflex{display:inline-flex}.grid{display:grid}.jcsb{justify-content:space-between}.secgap{display:block;height:15px}.secgap2{display:block;height:30px}.colgap{column-gap:20px}.ht15{display:block;height:15px}.ht10{display:block;height:10px}.two-columns{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr}.boxad1{min-width:325px}.timeago{font-size:0.8rem;color:#777767;margin:5px 0}.hide{display:none}.secbackcolor{background:#faf5f6;padding:20px 0}.section-heading{letter-spacing:0.02em;align-items:center;gap:10px;font-weight:800;display:flex;margin-bottom:15px}.section-heading h1{font-size:1.5rem}.section-heading h2{font-size:1.3rem}.section-heading > .section-more{order:2;font-weight:normal}.section-heading::after{content:"";border-top:1px dashed #d2cfcf;flex:1 1 0%;order:1}.msg_noscript{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;width:100%;max-width:600px;text-align:center;background-color:#FF9;background-color:rgba(255, 255, 153, 0.9);border:solid 1px #FC3;padding:3px;margin:0 auto 0 auto;font-weight:bold;z-index:2500}.adbackcolor{background:#EFF2F5;clear:both}.fnt0 ins,.fnt0{font-size:0}
.advtcontainer{text-align:center;min-height:265px;margin:0 auto 10px auto;padding:0;background-color:var(--thumb-bg)}
.advtcontainer.lb{min-height:265px}.red{color:#dd2f2f}
.advtcontainer.lbsmall{min-height:110px}
.advttext{font-size:0.7rem;color:#666;text-align:center}.advttext::before{content:'Advertisement'}.curhand{cursor:pointer}.clearfix::after{content:'';display:table;clear:both}.clear{display:block;clear:both}.autoht{height:auto}.item-center{align-items:center}.item-end{align-items:end}.alignR{text-align:right}

#prof_icon{border-radius:50%;margin-right:5px;text-align:center}

/*header*/
.header{background:#fff;height:65px;width:100%;position:sticky;top:0;padding:20px 0;z-index:2000}.header_row{display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.header_row nav{justify-content:center;gap:2rem;align-items:center}.header_row nav a.active{font-weight:700}.logo{margin-left:-5px}.round-icons{display:inline-flex;width:30px;height:30px;border-radius:50%;text-align:center;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:0.9rem;font-weight:bold}

.toplinks{background:#fff;overflow-x:auto;overflow-y:hidden;white-space:nowrap;scrollbar-width:none;padding:10px 0}
.toplinks span, .toplinks a{display:inline-block;height:36px;line-height:33px;padding:0 20px;
border:solid 1px #ddd;border-radius:36px;margin-right:15px;font-size:14px}
.toplinks a.active,.toplinks span.active{background:#dc2924;color:#fff;border:solid 1px #dc2924;cursor:default}
.toplinks a.active:hover{background:#dc2924;color:#fff}
.toplinks a:hover{background-color:#EFF2F5}

.div_widget_row{margin-top:15px}
.div_widget{width:32%;max-width:300px;height:80px}
.div_widget iframe{border:none}
.livebtn{display:inline-block;background:#dc2924;color:#fff;padding:1px 5px;border-radius:3px;font-size:0.8rem;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing:0.1em}
.tower_conatainer{display: none;position: relative}
.left_tower{position: absolute;width: 120px;height: 600px;overflow: hidden;z-index: 1;left: 0;top: 75px;margin-left: -135px}
.right_tower{position: absolute;width: 120px;height: 600px;overflow: hidden;z-index: 1;right: 0;top: 75px;margin-right: -135px}

.dropbtn1,.dropbtn{background-color:#fff;color:#202020;padding:10px;font-size:1rem;border:none;cursor:pointer;display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:8px}
.dropdown{position:relative}
.arrow-icon{display:inline-block;width:8px;height:8px;border-right:2px solid #333;border-bottom:2px solid #333;transform:rotate(45deg);margin-bottom:4px;transition:transform 0.2s ease, margin 0.2s ease}
.dropdown1-content,.dropdown-content{display:none;position:absolute;background-color:#fff;border:solid 1px #e1e1e1;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0px 8px 16px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);overflow:hidden;min-width:200px}
.dropdown-content a{color:black;padding:12px 16px;text-decoration:none;display:block;font-size:0.9rem}
.dropdown-content a:hover{background-color:#F3F3F3}
.dropdown1:hover .dropdown1-content,.dropdown:hover .dropdown-content{display:block}
.dropdown1:hover .dropbtn1,.dropdown:hover .dropbtn{background-color:#F3F3F3;border-radius:10px}
.dropdown1-content{left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);z-index:1}
.dropdown1:hover .arrow-icon,.dropdown:hover .arrow-icon{transform:rotate(225deg);margin-bottom:-4px}
.dropbtn.active{font-weight:bold}
.nowrap{white-space:nowrap}
.mega-dd{padding:15px;display:flex;gap:20px;margin:auto}
.dd-col{flex:0 0 auto;padding-right:10px}
.dd-col-title{font-weight:700;color:#222;margin-bottom:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:3px;white-space:nowrap}
.dd-link{display:block;text-decoration:none;padding:2.5px 0;line-height:1.6;white-space:nowrap;font-size:0.9rem}
.dd-link:hover{color:#e8001c}
.dd-live{color:#555;font-size:12px;padding:2.5px 0;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:4px;flex-wrap:nowrap}
.dd-live em{color:#e8001c;font-style:italic}
.dd-badge{background:#e8001c;color:#fff;font-size:10px;padding:1px 5px;border-radius:3px}
.dd-more{color:#e8001c;font-size:12px;text-decoration:underline;display:block;padding:2.5px 0;cursor:pointer}
.dd-gap{margin-top:12px}



/* footer */
.footer{background:#f9fafc;padding:40px 0 20px 0;margin-top:40px;border-top:solid 1px #e2e5e8}.foot_top{grid-template-columns:auto repeat(7, 1fr);column-gap:35px}.foot_ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.foot_ul li{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:0.8rem}.footer .hd{font-weight:700;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:0.85rem}.foot_bot{padding:30px 0 0 0;margin-top:30px;border-top:solid 1px #e2e5e8;font-size:0.8rem}.botgap{display:block;height:70px}.div_bot_sticky{position:fixed;bottom:0;z-index:1;width:100%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center}


.div_paid_bills h2{font-weight:bold;font-size:1.3rem;text-align:center;margin:40px 0 30px 0}
.div_paid_bills .grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(8, minmax(0px, 1fr))}
.div_paid_bills .icons{flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;text-align:center}
.div_paid_bills .icons span{background:#EFF2F5;display:flex;width:50px;height:50px;border-radius:50%;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:5px}
.flex-wrap{flex-wrap:wrap}
.bylinebot{font-size:0.8rem;margin:10px 0;padding:15px 0;border-top:dashed 1px #e2e5e8;border-bottom:dashed 1px #e2e5e8;row-gap:20px}
.bylinetop{font-size:0.8rem;margin:5px 0 15px 0}
.fntsm{font-size:0.8rem}
.grey{color:#666}
.topline{display:block;height:1px;background:#e2e5e8}
.mainconatiner{grid-template-columns:1fr 350px;column-gap:80px}
.artihd{font-size:2rem;font-weight:bold;margin:15px 0}
.breadcrumb{font-size:0.85rem}
.yearsago{margin:0 0 10px 0;background:#f7f7f7;padding:5px;font-size:0.85rem}
.subscribe-label{font-size:0.8rem;color:var(--muted);white-space:nowrap}
.subscribe-input{padding:7px 12px;border:1.5px solid var(--border);border-radius:4px;font-size:0.8rem;color:var(--dark);outline:none;width:180px;transition:border-color 0.2s}
.subscribe-btn{padding:7px 16px;background:var(--dark);color:var(--white);border:none;border-radius:4px;font-size:13px;font-weight:600;cursor:pointer;transition:background 0.2s;white-space:nowrap}
.print-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-family:'DM Sans', sans-serif;font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;background:none;border:none;transition:color 0.2s}
.google_pref_icon{margin-left:20px}
.videoadvt{background:#EFF2F5;margin:20px 0;min-height:250px} 

.div_more_news_cover .flex{flex-wrap:wrap;row-gap:10px}
.div_more_news_cover{border:solid 1px #e2e5e8;padding:0 15px 15px 15px;margin:15px 0}
.div_more_news_cover span{display:inline-block;border:solid 1px #e2e5e8;padding:5px 10px;border-radius:10px;font-size:0.8rem}
.div_more_news_cover span:hover{background:#e2e5e8;color:#000}

.div_mostpop{margin-top:30px}
.div_mostpop ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:0.9rem}
.div_mostpop ol li{column-gap:8px;margin-bottom:10px}
.div_mostpop ol li span{color:#dc2924}

.div_foryou{margin:30px 0 0 0}
.div_foryou ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.div_foryou ul li a{display:flex;column-gap:10px;margin-bottom:10px;font-size:0.9rem}
.div_foryou ul li img{border-radius:5px}

.arti_contentbig p{margin:0 0 1em 0;line-height:1.4em}
.arti_contentbig h2{font-size:1.6rem;margin-bottom:15px;font-weight:bold}
.arti_contentbig h3{font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:15px;font-weight:bold}
.arti_contentbig h4{font-size:1.2rem;margin-bottom:15px;font-weight:bold}
.arti_contentbig a{color:#F44336}
.arti_contentbig p.rbig::first-letter{/*font-size:150%;font-weight:700*/}
.arti_contentbig p.imgcaptionsmall,.imgcaptionsmall{width:50%;color:#515151;font-size:0.9rem;float:left;margin:0 8px 8px 0;line-height:1.4em}

.keypoints{clear:both;border:solid 1px #202020;padding:10px 20px;border-radius:20px;margin:20px 0}
.keypoints ul{padding:0 0 0 20px;margin:15px 0 0 0;line-height:1.4em;list-style:disc}
.keypoints h3{background:#f7f7f7;padding:10px;border-bottom:solid 1px #cdcdcd}

.div_audio{position:relative;display:none;background:#F1F3F4;width:100%;border:solid 1px #e8e8e8;border-radius:5px;margin-bottom:10px}
.audio_stop_btn{position:absolute;z-index:1;top:7px;right:11px;width:30px;height:30px;line-height:25px;border-radius:50%;background:#666;color:#fff;font-size:1rem;text-align:center;cursor:pointer}
.q_audio{width:100%;height:45px}
.imgwidth{float:left;margin:3px 10px 8px 0;max-width:100%}
.imgcaption{clear:both;font-size:0.9rem;color:#515151;margin:5px 0 40px 0;line-height:1.4em}
.credit{font-weight:700}
.inline-block{display:inline-block}
.boxadvtcontainer{text-align:center;min-height:250px;margin:10px auto;padding:0 0 5px 0;background-color:var(--thumb-bg)}
.advttext{font-size:0.7rem;color:#666;text-align:center}
.advttext::before{content:'Advertisement'}

.div_ad_box10, .world_right1, .world_right2{width:336px;height:250px;margin:0 auto;display:flex;justify-content:center}
.subscrip_message{font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:bold;margin:5px 0}
.hide{display:none}
.subwait{position:absolute;right:70px}
.subwait{display:inline-block;width:30px;height:30px;background:url('https://im.rediff.com/worldrediff/pix/waitimg.gif') no-repeat 50% 50%;vertical-align:middle;visibility:hidden}


.article-tools{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:22px}
.tool-btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;padding:7px 14px;border:1.5px solid var(--border);border-radius:24px;background:var(--white);font-family:'DM Sans', sans-serif;font-size:12px;font-weight:500;color:var(--mid);cursor:pointer;transition:border-color 0.2s, color 0.2s, background 0.2s;text-decoration:none}
.tool-btn:hover{border-color:var(--red);color:var(--red);background:#fff5f5}
.tool-btn svg{flex-shrink:0; }

.div_morefrom{margin:30px 0}
.div_morefrom .thumb{max-width:245px;height:150px;overflow:hidden;border:solid 1px #e2e5e8;border-radius:10px;text-align:center;background:#e8f4f4;margin-bottom:5px}
.div_morefrom .thumb img{border-radius:10px}
.morefrombox{min-width:33%; max-width:245px}

.sechd2{font-size:1.2rem;margin:10px 0}
.div_realted_stories{margin:30px 0}
.div_realted_stories h2{font-size:1.4rem;margin-bottom:10px}
.div_realted_stories ul{list-style:none;margin:15px 0 0 0;padding:0}
.div_realted_stories .thumb{border-radius:5px;max-height:160px;max-width:435px;overflow:hidden}
.div_realted_stories .thumb img{border-radius:5px}
.div_realted_stories ul li{display:flex;row-gap:10px;column-gap:10px;margin-bottom:20px;font-sizE:0.9rem}
.div_realted_stories ul li img{border-radius:5px}
.div_realted_stories p{margin-top:5px}

.div_webstories{margin:30px 0}
.div_webstories p{margin:5px 0 15px 0}
.div_webstories .thumb{border-radius:5px;max-height:160px;max-width:435px;overflow:hidden}
.div_webstories .thumb button{left:50%;top:50%;margin-left:-20px;margin-top:-20px;width:40px;height:40px;line-height:45px;border-radius:50%;border:none}

.horoscope_widget{border:1.5px solid #d6d6d6;height:70px;border-radius:10px;margin-top:5px}
.horoscope-in{margin-top:15px;padding:5px;align-items:center}
.horoscope-hd{position:absolute;margin-top:-10px;margin-left:15px;background:#fff;display:inline-block;padding:3px;font-size:10px;color:#666;font-weight:bold;letter-spacing: 0.8px}
.horoscope-icon{width:30px;height:30px;flex-shrink:0;background:#f5f5f5;border-radius:50%;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden;margin-left:10px}
.horoscope-btn{flex-shrink:0;background:#fff;border:1.5px solid #bbb;border-radius:20px;padding:5px 8px;font-size:11px;font-weight:600;color:#333;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap;transition:background 0.15s, color 0.15s}
.horoscope-title{font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:#000;line-height:1.3;margin:0}

.store-btn{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-start;gap:10px;width:130px;height:40px;background-color:#1a1a1a;color:#ffffff;border:1px solid #3a3a3a;border-radius:7px;padding:0 10px;text-decoration:none;cursor:pointer;box-sizing:border-box;transition:background 0.2s ease, transform 0.1s ease}
.btn-icon{flex-shrink:0;width:18px;height:18px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center}
.btn-text{display:flex;flex-direction:column;line-height:1.1}
.btn-text .get-it{font-size:7px;font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0.5px;text-transform:uppercase;color:#cccccc}
.btn-text .store-name{font-size:12px;font-weight:700;color:#ffffff;white-space:nowrap}

.services-wrap{display:flex;justify-content:center;padding:0;margin:10px 0 40px 0}
.services-container{max-width:340px; width:100%}
.services-title{font-size:22px;font-weight:500;color:#111;margin-bottom:15px}
.services-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px}
.service-card{background:#f2f2f2;border-radius:15px;border:none;padding:14px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;min-height:130px;cursor:pointer}
.card-top{display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:4px}
.card-title{font-size:1.1rem; font-weight:500; color:#111; line-height:1.3}
.card-desc{color:#888; line-height:1.2;font-size:0.9rem}
.card-badge{font-size:11px; font-weight:500; color:#1a9e5c}
.card-badge.orange{color:#c05a00}
.card-bottom{display:flex; justify-content:flex-end; align-items:flex-end}
.card-icon{font-size:25px; line-height:1}

#rtop{display:none;}.foramp{display:none}
.frame_vd_in {width:100%;max-width:670px;height:360px;margin:15px auto;clear:both;}
p.rbig::first-letter{font-size:200%;font-weight:normal}

@media (max-width:1280px){
.maxwrap{padding:0 10px}
}

@media only screen and (max-width:1152px){
.div_podcast{column-gap:10px}.div_podcast .thumb{width:110px;height:175px}.thumbrow > div{max-width:115px}.pipe{display:none}.fourbox .bigthumb img{height:100%}
}

@media (max-width: 1024px){
.toplinks span, .toplinks a{margin-right:5px}
}

@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1180px) and (orientation: landscape){
.header_row nav{gap:0.7rem}
.mainconatiner{column-gap:20px}
.toplinks span, .toplinks a{margin-right:5px}
}

@media screen and (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1180px) and (orientation: portrait){
:root{
--colgap:10px;
}
.dropbtn1,.dropbtn{color:#202020;font-size:0.7rem}
.header_row nav{gap:0.3rem;font-size:0.7rem}
.mainconatiner{column-gap:20px}
.foot_top{grid-template-columns: auto repeat(3, 1fr);column-gap:20px}
.foot_bot{flex-direction: column;align-items: center;row-gap:30px}
}